生活型

herb

形態特徵

• Annual or perennial herbs; stems long prostrate, usually ascending or erect upward, subterete, very juicy, with dense conical trichomes on nascent parts, glabrescent toward base.
• Leaves opposite, unequally paired, membranaceous, obliquely ovate, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 3-nerved at base, 1.5-14 cm long, 0.5-8 cm wide, apex acute to caudate, entire, ciliolate, margins sharply serrate or dentate; base obliquely obtuse to cuneate, with conical trichomes above and along nerves beneath; petioles to 7 cm long, with conical trichomes; stipules 2, free, oblong, to 4.6 mm long, 2.5 mm wide.
• Inflorescences axillary, discoid heads, round, oblong to nearly square; male inflorescence somewhat villous outside; peduncles somewhat villous, to 22 cm long. Male flowers nearly glabrous, obdeltoid; sepals 4 or 5, connate nearly to apex, dimorphic, hoodlike, margins fimbriate; stamens 4 or 5, anthers yellow; pistils rudimentary. Female flowers with 3 or 4 sepals; marginal flowers of discoid head mostly with an elongated, enlarged and hornlike appendage; sepals connate at base, subequal, hoodlike, margins ciliolate, short corniculate, sparsely puberulent beneath; staminodes 3 or 4; ovary glabrous, oblong.
• Achenes laterally compressed, ovoid to lanceoloid.

物候

Flowering and fruiting late July to February.

分布

• 台灣 : at medium to high altitudes, to 2,700 m in the central range; moist forests in and near ravines.
• 世界 : Africa, southern Asia, S. China, India, Indonesia and the Pacific Islands.

引證標本

ILAN: Fushan, Shih 2829; Shenmi Lake, Shih 2856. TAOYUAN: Rarashan, Shih 3119. HSINCHU: Tapachienshan, Matuda 726. MIAOLI: Tahsuehshan, Wang, Huang & Yang 4993. TAICHUNG: Hohouan Channel, Shih 3248; Lishan, Shih 2884. NANTOU: Meifong, Shih 2939; Tongpu, Shih 2986. CHIAYI: Funkiko, Liu 187. KAOHSIUNG: Shihshan Logging Trail, Shih 3381; South Cross Highway, Shih 3338. TAITUNG: Chihpentsushan, Shih 2669; Lichia Logging Trail, Shih 3364. HUALIEN: Tzuen, Shih 3252.

參考文獻

• YANG, YUEN-PO, SHIH, BING-LING and LIU, HO-YIH, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 226. 1996.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)